After discovering that PHPMyAdmin is not suitable to dump or insert large databases, I did a quick search into how things are done by command line.
This worked well and my database was finally not corrupted. Host 1 is a cheap shared hosting provider with a few limitations regarding to internal data transfer, CPU and memory. Host 2 is a VPS with 4 cores, 4GB of memory with an overall decent data speed.
Be very aware of what you are doing in the next steps since it involves a drop. And when you drop the wrong database, all that’s left is the cold sweat on your forehead.
SHOW DATABASES;
DROP DATABASE [DBNAME];
CREATE DATABASE [DBNAME];
USE [DBNAME];
SOURCE [/path_to_file/DBNAME].sql;
Done.
Saucysauce and more about conditional dumping: https://www.lullabot.com/articles/importexport-large-mysql-databases